WIDESCREEN REVIEW MAGAZINE issue #51, August 2001
A Power Amplifier Of Novel Design
Founded in 1978 by President Norm Schneider, SMART Devices, Inc. is a company which has historically been known for a range of devices for the cinema, predominantly with audio, through their SMART Theatre Systems division. The company more recently entered the home theatre world, with their Circle Surround 3X, Jr. adapter (CS-3X, Jr."), which I reviewed in Issue 36 and use routinely in our various reference systems when evaluating DVD soundtrack Also offered to consumers is their DS-118, an 18-inch powered subwoofer with a 600-watt amplifier.
One of the latest products introduced by SMART is a stereo amplifier, the 2X150VT ($2,250), with the "VT" in the model name signifying that this unit uses a vacuum tube in the line stage. This amp is a hybrid design, with MOSFET devices for the amplification stage. Power output capability is rated at 150 watts per channel. The 2X150VT is an adaptation of a previous SMART pro amplifier, but with extensive refinements aimed at achieving audiophile performance. Because WSR generally tests products suited for surround sound and home theatre, SMART delivered three amplifiers, so that I could evaluate its performance for both two-channel and multichannel applications. In addition to this unit, there is also a version available without the tube (2X150, $2,050). A three-channel model at 120 watts per channel (3X120) and a six-channel amplifier (6X120) are currently in development.
Exterior Styling And Features
I would essentially describe the look of the 2X150VT's exterior as striking. The stainless steel casing gives the unit a sheen, a classy, "art deco" look that should esthetically please, both in an equipment rack and on a dedicated stand. The steel casing is flanked on both sides by approximately two inch deep heat sinks. The holes in the heat sinks are for rack mounting via a special kit.
On the front panel, the rocker switch illuminates when in the "on" position, and through a Window is the vacuum tube, which, via a blue LED situated behind the tube, emanates a "cool" blue glow when powered. There are also a pair of tri-color LED meters to indicate power output at 5, 50, and 150 watts (into 8 ohms), as well as just signal activity.
The rear panel of the unit features five-way binding posts, designed to also accept dual-banana plugs. I do wish, though, that the channels were located further apart from each other-if you're using pins, bare wires, or large spades, caution is advised to avoid shorting and thereby blowing a fuse. Their rather close proximity to the fuse sockets can also make it a challenge if you're using low-gauge speaker cable, though SMART does claim that up to #10 AWG cable can be used. A rocker switch allows you to connect the amplification to the chassis and AC ground, or to isolate from it. A second switch allows for bridging the amplifier output. The FICA input jacks are gold plated, and there are trim outputs for each channel (typically set to maximum), two output rail line fuses, and a power line fuse. (Four additional fuses are located internally to protect the circuitry.) The base of the 2X150VT is painted-black aluminum.
Interior Components And System Design
The interior of the 2X150VT features modular circuit boards, along with the transformer and capacitors, all sturdily fastened. The power supply includes a 0.9kVA toroidal transformer, and two 22,000-microfarad capacitors. Rectification is provided for the output, driver, and input stages. SMART designs and manufactures their own transformers, and production units have a refined transformer design from the ones initially used in the preliminary units, to reduce the possible incidence of acoustic hum. (The amps I reviewed fall somewhere between the preliminary models and the actual production units.) This is accomplished by using a larger transformer core, and subsequently greater primary and secondary windings surrounding the core. To dampen any possible vibrations that still might occur, the transformer has been vacuum-impregnated with epoxy.
Rear View of 2X150VT Amplifier
The input line stage features a Sovtek 6922 dual-triode vacuum tube, which handles both channels. Components that use vacuum tubes are known, of course, for the sonic characteristics of warmth, smoothness, sweetness, or whatever the description tube fans like to attribute to the sound. The input series resistor to the tube is coated with ferrite beads, to help minimize RF interference (a refinement that actually resulted from my initial feedback to the company, based on an initial evaluation of the preliminary units).
The output amplification stage is based on an original design from the 1970s and 80s, using MOSFET devices, and licensed from the inventor and patent holder, Peter Hochstein. Amplifiers that used this design were very well-regarded in their day, but also rather expensive. There are six MOSFET devices per channel, and the amplifier operates in Class A/B. The total surface area of heat sink available for cooling the MOSFET’s is 364 square inches per channel. MOSFET’s, of course, are known for their "tube-like" sonic characteristics.
Another notable aspect of the 2X150VT's design is the fact that the driver and output voltage rails are separate, in that they are connected to separate secondaries on the transformer The driver has a 75V rail voltage, while the output rail voltage is 65V. In this manner, the driver draws less current from the power supply than the output stage. SMART claims that with such a design, dynamic response is improved, because the output stage can operate without the risk of sagging current from the driver during critical, high load periods. Also, because the driver effectively operates with greater headroom than it would if both rails were at the same voltage, peak output power should increase.
The rated power output is greater than 150 watts into 8 ohms, and 240 watts into 4 ohms, per channel. SMART has claimed 180-watt per channel output capability (8 ohms) from their ten preliminary units. Both channels can be bridged to offer 500 watts into 8 ohms. The stated THD is less than 0.25%, somewhat higher than pure solid state amplifiers due to the tube. Each amplifier's THD over the frequency range is documented in a certificate, hand-signed, and included with each unit. Each of the three units I received had THD measurements less than 0.15% over the 20 to 20,000 Hz range. The company offers a three-year warranty, at the end of which the owner can send the unit back to the company for replacement of the vacuum tube (since it has a life of about 2,500 hours), and any necessary adjustments, at SMART's expense. A new certificate with THD measurements is also issued.
Inside View of Amplifier
Listening Tests And PerformanceWith three 2X150VT units on hand, I dedicated one to the stereo front pair, another to the surround pair, and the third for powering the center and back surround channels. Listening source material consisted of various music CDs, DTS CDs, and DVD movie soundtracks. The CAL CL-2500 DVD-Video player served as the playback unit, operating through the EAD TheaterMaster Ovation surround processor. The 2X150VTs fed the James Loudspeaker system. I also performed a comparison, using the front channels, to the Proceed HPA3 power amplifier which I normally use as a reference.
During tests with two-channel music, it wasn't difficult to notice one of the standout signatures of the sound produced by this amplifier. There was a definite sense of three-dimensionality, a palpable, compelling perception of "air," or atmosphere, from the sound I was hearing. I like to describe the audio images imparted by this amplifier as instruments, voices, etc., floating in air, sometime even seeming to breathe. Such an attribute particularly brought out the ambiance of certain symphonic recordings. For example, a solo violin session of a concerto performance had a distinct spatial character, for which its presence and the concert hall reverberation imaged into the room convincingly.
Sovtek 6922 Dual Triode Tube
The 2X150VT therefore certainly imparted a sense of warmth, owing to its spatial, lively sonic character. It also produced a sound that could be characterized as smooth, for which human voices and instruments seemed tonally rich, with also a slight sense of softness in the upper-midrange. Low level detail was absolutely noteworthy, as well as their spatial placement within the three-dimensional listening space. Also, the performance of the 2X150VT during transient moments was remarkable, reproducing with particular poignancy. Much of these sonic attributes seem to be comparable to what would be expected from a tube-based amplifier.
In the low-end, the amplifier registered low frequencies with a notable sense of harmonic depth and detail. Bass response also seemed a bit liberal in nature, giving on one hand, for example, the lowest notes of the string ensemble of an orchestra a distinct sense of gusto and authority. At other times, the low-end sounded a little loose, and with a bit more mid-bass rendering than what I was accustomed to.
With surround sound music, the 2X150VTs performed admirably, again delivering that palatable sense of three-dimensionality, this time all around you. This was especially the case for certain DTS music CDs, particularly those of light jazz performances with an abundance of atmospheric surround envelopment. And for movie soundtracks, I found very little, if anything, to fault the performance of these amplifiers for such a purpose.
Reproduction of dynamic range was excellent, and the aforementioned slight softness in the upper midrange can be a beneficial factor in helping to offset the occasionally strident nature of movie soundtracks. The 2X150VT also produced peak sound pressure levels authoritatively, and the low-end with gutsy slam and impact, such as during the avalanche sequences in Vertical Limit.
But again, the characteristic sense of air" created by these amplifiers proved their worthiness with movie soundtracks, such as those for Unbreakable and Thirteen Days. For both of these movies, there's a remarkable sense of spatial depth and envelopment that the complement of 2X150VT’s seemed to bring out with uncanniness. Unbreakable's textured details with atmospheric sound effects, and the spacious, layered music score for Thirteen Days were both rendered into the listening space with articulation and a somewhat unique, but certainly convincing holosonic perception.
When compared to the Proceed HPA3, the 2X150VT performed notably well, though there were some subtle, albeit discernable, distinctions to be noted. The Proceed's ability to render longitudinal depth with sonic imaging wasn't quite as compelling as the SMART amplifier. However, I felt that lateral imaging was slightly more focused with the Proceed. The HPAS’s upper-midrange rendering also sounded a bit more open to me. Additionally, the low end response seemed a little tighter, and I slightly preferred the Proceed's capability to control the mid-bass region. It should be noted that such observed differences are likely to at least partially result from the fact that the HPA3 uses bipolar transistors for its output stage, as opposed to MOSFET’s for the SMART unit. Bipolars are known to have different sonic characteristics than MOSFETS, and the number of MOSFET devices used can be an important factor in an amplifier's ability to control the low-end.
Conclusion
For its price, the SMART 2X150VT faces some considerable competition from the likes of Theta Digital, California Audio Labs, and others. Nonetheless, this is an amplifier that seems to distinguish itself from the rest of the pack, for offering sound that is warm and smooth, with pleasing, engaging three dimensional depth. It also offers excellent home theatre performance, with dynamic range and transient performance that should certainly impress. This is a unit that I believe will particularly appeal to fans of tube-based components, who are looking for a suitable complement of amplification for their home theatre systems, to deliver the sound they know and cherish. From that perspective, considering the high price of tube-based amplifiers, these SMART amplifiers could be a very attractive bargain.
SMART Theatre Systems 2X150VT
Tube/MOSFET Hybrid Power Amplifier
Inputs: Two Line-Level, Gold-Plated RCA
Outputs: Two Speaker-Level, Five-Way, GoldPlated Binding Posts
Rated Power Output: 150 Watts Into 8 Ohms, 240 Watts Into 4 Ohms, 500 Watts Into 8 Ohm (Bridged)
Distortion: Less than 0.25% THD+N At 1 kHz,
(Measured At 150 Watts Into 8 Ohms)
Frequency Response: 10 Hz-20 kHz (+/0.15dB), -0.5dB At 60 kHz, -1.2dB At 100 kHz
Signal-To-Noise Ratio: Greater Than 100dB At Full Output
Channel Separation: Greater Than 60dB From 10 Hz-20 kHz
Dimensions (WHD Inches): 15.75 x 5.75 x 10.
Weight: 23 Pounds
Price: $2,250
Manufactured In The U.S.A. By:
SMART Devices, Inc.
5945 Peachtree Corners East
Norcross, Georgia 30071
Tel: 770 449 6698 / Fax: 770 449 6728
www.smart-cinema.com
Reference System For Reviews
Enlightened Audio Designs TheaterMaster Ovation Surround Processor
Parasound", CSE 6.1 Circle Surround* Back Surround Decoder
James Loudspeaker Grand Symphonic 10 (Front Left And Right), Symphonic 8.2 C (Center)
Symphonic 8.2 SIR (Left, Right, And Back Surround), 10 S Subwoofer
Proceed' HPA3 Power Amplifier (Front Left, Center, And Right)
Adcom GFA-7000 Power Amplifier (Left, Right, And Back Surround)
California Audio Labs CL-2500 DVD-Video Player
Sony' KV36XBR400 Trinitron WEGA Monitor
AudioQuest Gibraltar And CV-4 Speaker Cables
AudioQuest Viper And Diamondback Interconnects
SMR Cable Max 1 Digital Interconnect
Power Wedge 11 And 1118 Line Conditioners